Translators and Machines - Can they Cooperate?

Can Machines Be Scientific Translators?

Within the last few years portable “electronic dictionaries” have been introduced. I These gadgets were originally intended to help foreign travelers communicate with the natives. The devices, which cost from $2W-$300, are initially a lot of fun. But often they prove to be less useful than a good bilingual dictionary or phrasebook because they are so limited in vocabulary. The models I tested] ...

What Sorts of Machines Can Understand the Symbols They Use?

My topic is a specialised variant of the old philosophical question ‘could a machine think?’. Some say it is only a matter of time before computer-based artefacts will behave as if they had thoughts and perhaps even feelings, pains or any other occupants of the human mind, conscious or unconscious. I shall not pre-judge this issue. The space of possible computing systems is so vast, and we have...

Beyond Mealy Machines: Learning Translators with Recurrent Neural Networks

Recent work has shown that recurrent neural networks can be trained to behave as nite-state automata from samples of input strings and their corresponding outputs. However, most of the work has focused on training simple networks to behave as the simplest class of deterministic machines, Mealy (or Moore) machines. The class of translations that can be performed by these machines are very limite...

Bone allografts: What they can offer and what they cannot.

Bone allografts can be used in any kind of surgery involving bone from minor defects to major bone loss after tumour resection. This review describes the various types of bone grafts and the current knowledge on bone allografts, from procurement and preparation to implantation. The surgical conditions for optimising the incorporation of bone are outlined, and surgeon expectations from a bone al...

Awards and Competitions. What They Can Do and How They Can Do It